球阀阀座用聚三氟氯乙烯密封环工艺与性能

选用两种不同降温方式探究压制成型工艺对球阀阀座用聚三氟氯乙烯（PCTFE）密封环密封性能的影响。低温试验结果表明,自然降温工艺成型的制品外表面在常温-低温循环工况下出现裂纹,而保压降温得到的制品则不出现上述问题。性能测试与表征分析结果表明,自然降温工艺成型的密封环PCTFE其内部会出现微裂纹等缺陷,导致其在低温测试后出现亚表面裂纹,造成密封失效。降温阶段保压操作可抑制材料成型阶段微裂纹缺陷的产生,避免材料在室温-低温循环工况下因内应力而产生裂纹缺陷。     

背压对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性影响研究

为研究背压对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性的影响,将压力的变化等效为气体密度的变化,基于一种树形自适应加密算法,通过直接数值求解不可压Navier-Stokes方程组实现了不同背压条件下射流撞击雾化的数值模拟。首先将数值模拟结果与试验数据进行对比,验证数值模拟的有效性,在此基础上开展了高背压条件下雾化过程的数值模拟。结果表明,随着背压的提高,气动力相应增强,液膜的破碎更加剧烈,一次雾化区域的液滴数密度增大,雾场由稀疏向稠密发展;液膜在向下游运动过程中波动速度的幅值逐渐增大,并且随着背压的提高,液膜的波动由线性向非线性转变;背压增大导致破碎长度减小,经过参数修正得到了液膜破碎长度的经验公式,并与试验数据进行了对比;背压对液滴尺寸分布规律没有显著影响,但随着背压的提高,同一时刻大液滴所占的比例提高,整个雾场的Sauter平均直径有增加的趋势,当背压从0.1MPa增大到1MPa时,雾场的Sauter平均直径由155.5μm增大到166.9μm;背压增大,液滴粒径分布的均匀度指数减小,液滴尺寸分布更加不均匀。     

液体火箭发动机诱导轮空化热力学效应研究

为了研究空化热力学效应,以模型诱导轮为研究对象,改变流量、水温等条件,对其内部空化流动进行了可视化实验研究,完整记录了从空化初生至性能断裂点各工况的空化区形态。结果表明:温度对诱导轮无空化水力性能没有显著影响,但是高温下诱导轮的空化性能断裂点被显著延后,体现了热力学效应的影响。对比不同温度下的空化区形态,发现热力学效应的强弱与流动工况密切相关,在小空化数下体现得更为显著。同时引入一种半经验的理论模型预测热效应对空化性能的影响,小流量(Φ=0.071)下预测结果与实验结果平均偏差为5.5%,大流量(Φ=0.088)下平均偏差为10.8%,验证了模型在本文应用条件下的可靠性。     

基于传热反问题方法的N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流测量研究

测量液体火箭发动机的热载荷是获取燃烧室内部信息的重要方法。为了获取N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室内壁的热载荷,建立了液体火箭发动机的热流计算的反问题方法,该方法基于对燃烧室壁面温度场的直接求解,通过对轴向多个位置测量温度的反演计算得到燃烧室内壁热流和温度。研究表明:应用文中建立的传热反问题方法能够较为准确地获得热流随时间及空间的分布;热电偶的位置对计算准确性有明显的影响,与理论深度偏差在0.2mm以内的随机深度偏差可导致超过4%热流反演误差;N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流及温度沿轴向逐渐降低,表明燃烧室内的反应释热过程主要在燃烧室头部附近发生。     

Measurements of heat transfer and pressure in a trailing edge cavity of a turbine blade

 An experimental investigation is conducted to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop data for an integral trailing edge cavity test section that simulates a novel turbine blade's internal cooling passage with bleed holes. Local heat transfer is measured on both the suction and pressure sides by a transient liquid crystal technique, while pressures at six positions are recorded by pressure calibrators. Moreover, flow characteristic and its effect on heat transfer are analyzed for conditions with or without bleed flow. The experimental results show that, in the cases with bleed flow, local heat transfer on the pressure side exceeds that on the suction side in the first and second channels. In the cases without bleed flow, in the first and third channels, local heat transfer on the suction side weakens whilst it increases significantly on the pressure side. For the second channel, non-bleed condition leads to a more balanced heat transfer distribution between the upstream and downstream channel. Besides, after the bleed holes are blocked, heat transfer in the first bend region on the suction side declines sharply, while the opposite phenomenon occurs for the second bend region on the pressure side. In both bleed and non-bleed cases, the total pressure of six measurement positions decreases continuously along the channel at the same Reynolds number and it promotes for higher Reynolds number. Among all the measurement points, under the same flow rate condition, the highest speed occurs at Position 5, which also shows the maximum difference between the total and static pressures. When the bleed holes are blocked, the total pressure at each measurement position appears to increase.     

MDS图在液态模锻工艺过程单片机仿真控制系统中的应用

本文介绍了液态模锻工艺过程单片机仿真控制系统的设计方法，包括液态模锻工艺程确立、逻辑量确立、硬件系统设计、ＭＤＳ图的建立及软件实现，在工艺设备的逻辑性控制中应用ＭＤＳ图控制结构设计的控制器可方便方便地实现ＰＬＣ的控制功能，也可主便地实现其他娄字逻辑系统的控制功能。     

气体注入压力激励法测量卫星液体推进剂剩余量的热力学模型

通过对气体注入压力激励法测量卫星液体推进剂剩余量系统的详细热力学过程分析,建立了能满足实际测量需求的等温和绝热两种热力学模型,对具体测量模型的选用及相关问题进行了分析。     

Mathematical description of the NaK model for MASTER-2005

The release of NaK droplets has been modeled for the new version of the European Meteoroid and Space Debris Terrestrial Environment Reference model MASTER-2005. Previously published versions of the model have been revised. The parameters of the model are introduced and discussed. NaK droplets consist of eutectic sodium–potassium alloy and have been released during RORSAT reactor core ejections. They contributed to the space debris environment in the centimeter and millimeter size regime. Sixteen nuclear powered RORSATs launched between 1980 and 1988 activated a reactor core ejection system in Sufficiently High Orbits (SHO), mostly between 900 and 950 km altitude. The core ejection caused an opening of the primary coolant circuit. The liquid coolant has been released into space during these core ejections. The outflow is considered as a discrete event for each of the sixteen core ejections in total. The NaK coolant has been forming droplets up to a diameter of 5.5 cm. NaK releases are restricted to a very narrow region near 65° inclination. This paper gives the parameters of the NaK release model as it is implemented in MASTER-2005. The quantitative values of all model parameters including characteristic diameter and uniformity parameter are presented. The ratio of the characteristic droplet size to the orifice diameter is discussed. It is estimated that altogether 128 kg of NaK-78 (8 kg per RORSAT) was released on orbit. Simulation runs show that there are still 45,000 droplets with a total mass of 97 kg in orbit at the reference epoch 1 May 2005, whereas the smallest droplet has a diameter of 5 mm. Results of orbit propagation simulation runs are presented in terms of spatial density.     

可展开式辐射器热控对航天器轨道调整的适应性分析

为提高航天器热控系统对轨道调整的适应能力，本文研究了与流体回路耦合的可展开式辐射器热控方案在不同轨道高度下的热控性能，分析了不同轨道高度时辐射器面临的热环境的影响，在不同轨道高度下比较了固定辐射器与可展开辐射器的热控特性。结果表明，随着辐射器展开角度的变化，辐射器吸收的空间热流随之发生变化，从而对热控系统的散热能力带来直接影响，调节辐射器的角度可以扩大其对外散热能力。在工程应用中，基于热控流体回路，通过调节可展开式辐射器的展开角度，可以有效提高航天器的轨道热适应能力。     

《机械制造技术》课程特点与现场教学

《机械制造技术》课程具有很强的综合性和实践性、教学难度大的特点。教学中要以理论教学和现场教学相结合的方法，以提高教学效率和质量。同时要正确选择课题、设计合适的教学方法是改革现场教学的主要措施。